In order to accurately examine for hamstring injuries, hamstring strength should be assessed in prone with the hip stabilized at 0 degrees of hip extension at both 15 and 90 degrees of knee flexion with resisted manual muscle testing.

Recent research, however, suggests an alternative that positive outcomes with joint mobilization techniques may be attributed more to increases in mechanoreceptor stimulation and motor neuron excitability (Cleland et al., 2009). These neurophysiological effects are dependent upon the velocity of the mobilizing force applied, and therefore suggest better outcomes with high-velocity thrust vs low-velocity nonthrust procedures.

It can be estimated that approximately 7 million Americans suffer from headaches on a basis of at least every other day, with a considerable amount of these headaches being cervicogenic in origin where the pain originates in thecervical spine and refers to the head.

The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) serves as the mechanical junction between the pelvis and the spine. While some regard its contribution toward lumbar spine symptoms as unimportant or irrelevant, about 13% of patients with chronic low back pain can be accounted for as having symptoms originating from the SIJ, which can either be due to the joint being the direct source of pain, or due to dysfunction in the arthrokinematics of the joint (Laslett, 2008).

Shoulder pain is a broad and varied symptom commonplace to a multitude of different pathologies affecting the glenohumeral joint, with partial tear of the rotator cuff musculature and impingement syndrome being two of the most common diagnoses. These conditions are often misdiagnosed....